German example and "Counterexample" SPANISH:
one has to resign as prime minister; BE ANOTHER PROFESSOR GETS
- The case of Karl Theodor zu Gutenberg , Who recently resigned as Minister of Defence of the Federal Republic of Germany for plagiarism in his doctoral thesis, I recalled another real case of plagiarism, here in Spain with an unedifying end. As we are dealing with plagiarism the real intellectual property, clear and naked. And with its shameless and immoral violation.
Sometimes I have claimed the existence of a new and true Academic Disciplinary Regulations, the State level, because not seem appropriate standards of each university or consider satisfactory, for teachers and university researchers, the general discipline public officials. Just thinking about plagiarism, not expressly stated in the civil service disciplinary system, and had more than enough reason for dissatisfaction, I foresee endless.
Plagiarism in a doctoral thesis in a book or a magazine article, more or less extensive, is the appropriation of an intellectual work of others. That itself is a direct violation of intellectual property. Within the University, as in other scientific communities-one can hardly imagine a more serious illegal behavior to try to snatch their authors the products of the intellect. Support knowledge- others, on the achievements of others, others reached the goals is not only perfectly legal, but mandatory. Rarely does anyone own intellectual beget a child without a history, moreover, have served as a basis for personal creation. But to account for the support of the grounds and the history of the product that are reasonably considered himself quotations, references and appropriate references to works of others.
Sometimes the conclusion or conclusions reached and exposed as someone may lack originality personal, not to be named in any way other authors (and all), that once supported the same token, the same idea. Plagiarism is not necessarily in those cases, quite numerous in the area of \u200b\u200blaw. To declare the personal reasoned position on a matter, on a point, is not always required, for many reasons and motives, read and cite all those tried before the same subject or issue. Sometimes not accessible, despite modern facilities, all the works that may have addressed this issue or question. Sometimes something else happens: p. eg., that the limited scope of the expression of one's mind on an issue, limiting the reader (or listener) understand without difficulty becomes unreasonably disproportionate searches and specific citations. That what one says or writes is original is not plagiarism if it is not intended to say or write is original and proper.
The key to plagiarism is, in my opinion, the presentation and original creature itself, or be a result of intellectual effort, either the result or expression of the path traveled to reach it, or more of these elements . On a doctoral thesis or a book, the appropriation of the alien may refer to the substance or expression. The most frequent kidnappings, in my area, are those in which the plagiarist endorses the same words and phrases that express one or more ideas. Sometimes, plagiarism is as consisting of pure crude copy of the work of another or a set of copies of portions of the work or works of others, which are presented as if they were product of the staff of shameless literary effort.
There are cases of plagiarism: two mathematicians may have the same work, embodied perhaps in two pages, more or less same. If plagiarism or coincidence of effort (very frequent) and results will be taken to resolve it by carefully studying the circumstances of such persons. The plot similarities of two novels, with or without the addition of similar structure of the narrative, but with different text style, also may be due to mere coincidence (Eg., In an earlier common source of inspiration.) Again be examined very carefully the data and compare the work with thoroughness and perspicacity. There are, however, cases of plagiarism very clear (and few). And it's also what we call in college slang, " squad", common in general works (handbooks, précis , Hand - or Lehrbuch) or large documents will not necessarily published (old memories, required to participate in competitions at university teaching positions.) By " squad," an author "draws heavily" in the work of other domestic or foreign, and repeats it-from top to bottom or part to change the wording and some other changes, to hide and perhaps even improve some aspects. Little can be done when someone will just "catch" it. Sometimes the "execution" is as "good", the "Rifleman" did not attempt to admit, even to the "shot."
But it is my intention to produce now a little manual on possible violations of intellectual property. I just want to remember the painful and reprehensible phenomenon of plagiarism, in line with two real examples. The first, very current and well known: plagiarism has committed a public German high relevance. The second was carried out, many years ago by a English university professor. As soon see the consequences of the discovery of the attack on intellectual property have been very different.
GERMANY: PLAGIARISM BY THE MINISTER OF DEFENSE, THE STREET
The " young, rich, modern and aristocrat (a" Freiherr ", a Baron) Karl Theodor ( von und ) zu Guttenberg, until a few hours ago Defence Minister of the Federal Republic of Germany (he had been Minister on two previous occasions), presented at the time a doctoral thesis entitled " Constitution and the Constitutional Treaty: Constitutional developments in the U.S. and the EU " adopted cum laude from the University of Bayreuth . Someone (we speak of a Professor of Bremen), at some point, I had to "sound" certain passages of the thesis and began to investigate, to find a good number of sets of sentences (at least 20% estimated of the thesis) reproduced from other authors without any appointment. The question becomes "affair" because it circulates on the Internet (where he nicknamed "Googleberg") and comes in the papers ( Süddeutsche Zeitung, Der Spiegel , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ) Then the Minister (at times the most popular Cabinet Merkel) behaves as follows:
a) acknowledges mistakes in handling sources and ask for forgiveness and apologize to those affected;
b) Waiver temporarily to use the title Doctor, pending an investigation;
c) markedly Dislikes University of Bayreuth with the occurrence of the temporary waiver because University is interested in the merits of the case: if the Minister has committed plagiarism and failed to pledge or oath of honor. And the University can and should be removed if it obtained title trickery;
d) See how the University of Bayreuth him off the title of Doctor;
e) states that resigns as Minister , because the errors were unintentional and non-plagiarized , obtained the support of Mrs. Angela Merkel ;
f) accepted you will need to investigate " how could lose control of their sources "
g) Note that neither the public nor the Bundestag accepted his thesis of " unintentional plagiarism."
h) resigns as Minister .
To me, the truth, I am sorry that this promising minister has had to go to the street , castiza but inaccurate term because it is possible person, we say in Spain, and will not hunger and distress. I'm happy for the Germans because who is able to "copy-paste" in a doctoral thesis in Germany appears well prepared for major crimes . A guy who says he is determined to investigate how he lost "control of their sources," is a good piece , a rogue very prominent. So, congratulations to Germany and its people. The effective pressure of what they call "academics" ( Akademiker die) and because they have made an important and well smartass situadao likely to return to climb political summits.
But see the contrast with the English example.
SPAIN: THE PLAGIARISM, THE CHAIR
The following story is true in all detail. I have set out chapter and verse on two occasions when I had a duty to do so. The star arrived through a notary public to require me not to broadcast the events under injunction to bring against me all kinds of actions. Through the same intermediary told him that "reincidiría" every time he came to mind and that he felt free to exercise their rights as he pleased. I did not hear the case, though the character is still active. I will not give his real name here (use another fictional, such as universities) for two reasons: one, because not met officially now a duty to disclose to that detail the events, ever more distant in time, two , to bypass the hassles of a second notice of attorney or something similar.
Let the "plagiarism English," fully real. 20 years ago or so. Alfonsin López Cara is a young professor of Procedural Law at the University of Sidra. One of his students at delivers Bachelor, "up note" (make merit extra), care work, although elementary, little attention on one aspect of a subject heading of any program in the subject, a subject with no facets process directly. Alfonsin, who is in the middle stage of "making curriculum, plagiarize or copy the student's work with only slight tweaks and sends it to a journal not widely disseminated, which published it. The student learns the publication and see that it is his job, barely masking minimum effort. A professor at the same university, very indignant, conducts a comparative study in two columns, absolutely devastating for López Cara: plagiarism is undeniable. The University of La Sidra decided to open disciplinary proceedings Alfonsin. Judge appointed instructor. And this, after appropriate proceedings, does not see, in general disciplinary regulations of public officials, other administrative offense clearer than that which is defined as conduct constituting crime. Thus, the Chancellor passed the papers to the Department. And the Chief Prosecutor of the territory where is located the University of cider (not a prosecutor any), issued a paper (one page) with a few lines (five or six) in which, without going into the merits of the case ( that is, without affirming or denying the plagiarism), invokes the so-called principle of minimum intervention "(a principle that should inspire legislators to not go making it a felony or any facts alleged failure) and concluded that the facts do not require or justify the initiation of criminal proceedings. Apparently, for the chief prosecutor, has no criminal authority to appropriate someone else's work or short elemental (p. eg., a quatrain, or a line from a sonnet by Quevedo and Miguel Hernandez, or a whole book, but who has not entered into the Parnassus, according to the Prosecutor). (By the way , that prosecutor came to the top of his career, missing more: with the ductility, who better than him).
After qualifying as criminal justice, the Rector of the Universidad de La Sidra supersedes the disciplinary proceedings against López Cara Alfonsin. But something happens, D. Alfonsin University belongs in relatively borderline and then leaves the University of Sidra, where plagiarism feat had reached a high local reputation. Over time (without which our protagonist estimated range of industry benchmarks) and presented to the competition for professorships. Being unique and unknown candidate, apparently, the episode at the University of La Sidra, is given placet. Spend a little more time and the flamboyant professor presents the competition to Chair of the University of A Pedriña. And then D. Alfonsin, exceeding by far to early and ex-Minister Zu Gutenberg, has no qualms about arguing and presenting specifically, between the merits of research (not exactly plentiful), the small work plagiarized. It was a lot of recklessness or extreme impudence. Or both (personally assume thesis). Alfonsin had not been rectified or repentant behavior which was available for years. So Alfonsin continues to have no moral, but it has sponsors and friends of their sponsors in the court of Chair: just the magic number: three amoral about five. And it goes without saying that Professor is proposed. In the official report stated the facts are narrated and accompanied by copies of all documentation. Legal claim is made. A warm and fearful of rejecting Rector. He was appointed Professor. And to this day. There is Alfonsín López Cara, who repeatedly obtained those positions free classes ("special services") and has changed several times a jacket policy. Nor was there enough pressure in Spain of "academic" to dispense the plagiarist forever and nobody can wonder that, in counseling, follow reports by copying others. Many of my colleagues, not the majority, but enough: even harmed by the promotion of plagiarism, had the "flexibility" and "realism" to share with the university empresillas element. I did not want or see the following: plagiarism, to me, is like the "sin against the Holy Spirit" ( quaestio diputata even of what such a sin), only that God does not forgive. I had forgotten, yes, the "sin" of D. Alfonsin. But I remembered because of the history of poor Karl Theodor (von und) zu Guttenberg, the loss of control over their sources (would not it be that lost control over its "black" as has happened many times?).
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